Cement and process of making same.



xaiiliiidh Patented December 22, 190s COATING OR PLASTIC.

w Hydraulic cemanigfSlii HHERMANN. PASSOW, F HAMBURGWGERMANY, ASSIGNO TO HENRY EDMUNDS, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

CEMENT AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAMEP SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 747,919, dated December 22, 1903, V i Application filed September 8, 1902. Serial No. 122,589. (No specimens.)

was dried t a. tern ii-11':

To all whom it'may concern: Wat rranulated sla U t 0 then,

Beit known that I, HERMANN PASSOW, a subject of the German Emperor, and a resident of Hamburg, Germany, have invented in uudred meshes to-the square 55.

a i" g, certain new and useful Improvements in 00- centimeter, while it left a ten-per-ceut. reslment and Processes of Making the Same, of due on a sieve having five thousand which the following is a specification. to the square centime e 1s ground ma p This invention relates to the process of proterial when moistened set only after a nunhduciug the cement from furnace-slag. ber of days and had no strength at all. Pats 6o 0 My investigations in relation to blast-furmade therefrom entirely disintegrated after H 3;

1 'nace slag indicate that several modifications remaining three days under water. Thesame of slagmaterial are desirablein order to pro- Water-gran ulatedslag was heated to about d'ucethe'hest quality of cement. The follow- 1 rde and then quickly cooled; a ing. modifications of slag have been consida jet of air. .Whenthisfis V 15 med: 1.. Furnace-slag treated with air and material was ground tot 6 same fineness, it 5- quickly cooled down, so that it hasavitreous set, after being moistened, in about five andstructure and shows only an inconsiderable one-half hours and stood the contant-volume' rise of temperature when ground, slightly test required of good cement. Its strength}:

" moistened, compressed into a cake, and treatwas,.however, very small, as will be seen from ad, ed bya stream of carbon dioxid. 2, Slag) the following table showing the tensile sand-that is, water-granulated slagdried strength in kilograms per square centimeter at a temperature of about 200 centigrade. of test-pieces made in the ordinary way-with. f 3. Furnace-slag treated with air, but cooled three parts of sand to one of the material, it. i T down more Slowly han Sai VitI'60fl 'Slag, 0 being understood in all cases that the test- .75 sgthatit has a pumiceous strnctnre and shows pieces designated as water-hardened were.

fi' s mmpefiw hen allowed to set in air for a day and then W91 '6f V g ig y i HQd, pr ssed in o kept under water for the remainder ot'. the cake, andtreated with a stream of carbon tim indi ated, dioxid; 4. Roasted slag-sand. These modi- 3o fications l and 2 are bomyitreons.9r .inert slag-cement material and seem to be'ideiitical-intheir physical and chemical properties. watephardened r o Q The modifications 3 and 4 are both pumiceous Air-hardened w 0 or active slag-cement material and also seem I 5 to have identical physical and chemical prop- E ual parts of this dried watererties. The inert material, such as modifilaw and roasted wa erranu a e s a were. V cations land 2, or the active materal 3 and 4 lmm and we. Wbentested a1011i? after being ground and produced an excellent cement'which set in moistened does not 36b $6155 y Slowly eight hours and which passed theconstant- 99 up that it cannot be properly considered a volume' test. This cementitious material,

' I went howevel, these inelfland -Q showed the following tensile strength in kilomaterials are mixed together in suitable programs square centimeter when'test-pieces 1" Portions y xi g Qi iQE ,8- 1 were made as usual with three parts oford i' 7 al1d4, a ldfifi ahighly-cemelifiitious narv sand to one of the material: 95.

5 material is obtained. The setting time of the cement and other properties of the same ma 1 7Days. 7 antes also be regulated by mixing with the-cem'%- A A "asmall quantity of ordinary Portland'ceme t wabermrdened KB,

, or other cementitious material. I Air-hardened 50" An example of the manner of carrying out:

the process will now be described in detail; Slag was vigorously treated with air, so as to a i b quickly cooled down. The resulting material when ground and moistened set only Tensile Tests.

after several days. This material when test- 3 Days. 7 Days. 28 Days. 3 Months. ed as usual with three parts of ordinary sand to one of the slag gave the following tensile Water-hardened 12.6 Kg. 155Kg. 26.3 Kg 31.? Kg. strength in kilograms per square centimeter: hardened 19 1 222 Kg 7 Days. 28 Days. Compression Tests.

Water-hardened 0 0 7 Days. 28 Days.

Alr-hardened 3.9 Kg. 10. Kg.

7 Water-hardened 168.5 Kg 232 Kg. The same slag was treated with air for a Air-hardened 166-5 Kg 268 longer time and was slowly cooled down. The

resulting material when ground and moistened set within twenty-four hours. This material when made into test-pieces in the ordinary way with three parts of sand gave the following strength in kilograms per square 2o centimeter:

7 Days 28 Days Water-hardened 3 6 Kg. 6.04 Kg. 2 5 Air-hardened 6 6 Kg. 27.5 Kg.

7 Days. 28 Days.

Water-hardened 12.8 Kg. Air-hardened 24. Kg.

20.1 Kg. 32.7 Kg.

0 The samples of slag material used in the tests last mentioned were not absolutely pure.

' The vitreous material seemed to contain slight traces of pumiceous, and the pumiceous material seemed to contain small quantities of the vitreous modification, which probably explains the fact that each of these slag materials when ground possessed the slight tensile strength indicated. These slag materials cannot, however, be properly considered as cement when used alone. The active and inert modifications must be mixed in substantial proportions to produce a good cement.

As previously mentioned, it has sometimes proved advantageous to add a small quantity of ordinary Pogtlgkipement in order to increase the inltia s rengt o eproduct and to regulate the time of setting. An excellent cement was produced by mixing equal parts of yjtreous slag material and of umiceous sla materla w on round and adding tlen Ii 0 dinard cunt. T 18 cement when tested in t e usua way withthree parts of sand to one of cement gave the following results in kilograms per square centimeter:

It has been found that great quantities of furnace-slag exist which do not have the same composition as ordinary Portland cement, but which when treated with air and mixed in the manner indicated produce a valuable cementitious material.

It has been pointed out that'the mixture of the two kinds of treated slag does not result in a useful cement when only traces of one or the other is present in the mixture and that to obtain a highly-cementitious material suitable proportions of both must be used, and examples have been given in which the tygo kipdgqf treated slag are t nixed inabout equal proportions. I do not, however, restrict myself to'these proportions, as it is obvious that the desired result may be obtained by varying somewhat therefrom.

It is of course understood that those familiar with this art may make many variations in this process and the resulting product, and apparatus of various forms may of course be employed without departing from the spirit of this invention or losing the advantages of the same.

What I claim as new and what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims:

1. The cement process which consists in heating water-granulated furnace-slag to substantially 1,200 centigrade and quickly cooling the same to produce active material, in drying water-granulated furnace-slag to produce inert material and in mixing substantial proportions of said active and inert materials to produce a highly-cementitious material.

2. The cement process which consists in roasting water-granulated furnace-slag and cooling the same to produce active cement material, in drying water-granulated f u rnaceslag to produce inert cement material and in mixing substantial proportions of said active and inert materials to produce a highly-cementitions material.

3. The cement process which consists in mixing substantial proportions of'active furnace-slag material, giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperature, and of inert furnace-slag material, giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid only an inconsiderable rise of temperature.

4; "Tne cememr {Rue-e53" 5335' consists in mixing substantial proportions of active furnace-slag material, giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperature, and of inert furnace-slag material, giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid only an iuconsiderable rise of temperature; and in adding Portland cement.

5. The cement process which consists i mixing substantial proportions of active furnace-slag material, giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperature, and of inert furnace-slag material, giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid only an inconsiderable rise of temperature; and in adding independently-cementitious material.

6. The cement process which consists in roasting and cooling water-granulated furnace-slag to produce active material, in separately treating furnace-slag to produce inert material and in subsequently mixingsubstantial proportions of said active and inert materials to produce a highly-cementitious material.

7. The cement process which consists intreating furnace-slag to produce active material, in'separately treating furnace-slag to produce inert material and in subsequently mixing substantial proportions of said active and inert materials to produce a highly-cementitious material.

8. The cement process which consists in heating and cooling furnace-slag to produce active material, in separately treating furnace-slag to produce inert material, in subsequently mixing substantial proportions of said active material and said inert material and in adding Portland cement.

9. The cement process which consists in mixing highly-cementitions material having substantially the same chemical composition as furnace-slag, formed from said slag without the addition of other materials; and Portland cement.

lO. The cement process which consists in mixing highly-cementitious material having substantially the same chemical composition as furnace-slag, formed from said slag without the addition of other materials; and independently-cementitious material.

11. The cement process which consists in heating water-gran ulated furnace-slag to substantially 1,200 centigrade, and in cooling the same so that said treated slag, gives when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperature, lacks without the addition of other materials highly-cementitious properties, and forms when mixed with dried water-granulated furnaceslag a highly-cementitious material.

12. The cement process which consists in bringing furnace-slag to a highly-heated condition, and in cooling the same so that said treated slag, gives when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable Exaintlg,

rise of temperature, lacks without the addi- 7 tion of other materials highly-cementitious properties and forms when mixed with dried water-granulated furnace-slaga highly-cementitious material.- I

13. The active cement material, produced from furnace-slag by treatingsaid slag at high temperature to convert the same, lacking without the addition ofother materials highlycementitions properties, forming when mixed with dried water-granulated furnace-slag a highly-cementitious material,. and giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperato re.

l4. Theactivecementmaterial,havingsubstantially the chemical composition of watergranulated furnace-slag, lacking Without the addition of other materials highly-cementitious properties, forming when mixed with dried water-gran ulated furnace-slag a highlycementitious material, and giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperature, produced from said water-granulated furnaceslaa' without the addition of other materials.

15. The active cement material, having substantially the chemical composition of furmace-slag containing considerably less lime than Portland cement, formed from said slag, lacking without the addition of other materials highly-cementitious properties, forming when mixed with dried watergranulated slag a highly-cementitious material, and giving when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid a considerable rise of temperature.

16. The cement comprisingsubstantial proportions of furnace-slag highly heated and cooled to form active material giving a considerable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid, and of furnace-slag treated to form inert material giving only an inconsiderable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid, and an addition of Portland cement.

17. Thecementcomprisingsubstantialproportions of furnace-slag treated to form active material giving a considerable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid, and of furnaceslag treated to form inert material giving only an inconsiderable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid, and an admixture of independently-cementitious material.

18. The cement comprising highly-cementitious material having substantially the same chemical composition as furnace-slag, formed from said slag without the addition of other materials; and Portland cement.

19. The cement comprising highly-cementitious material having substantially the same chemical composition as furnace-slag, formed from said slag without the addition of other materials; and independently-cementitious material.

20. The highly-cementitious material comprising substantial proportions of water-granulated furnace-slag roasted and cooled to form active material giving a considerable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid, and of furnace-slag treated to form inert material giving only an inconsiderable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid.

21. The highly cementitious material formed of a mixture of substantial proportions of active furnace-slag material giving a considerable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid formed by treating furnace-slag at high temperature to convert the same, and of inert furnace-slag material giving only an inconsiderable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with ca. bon dioxid.

22. The highly cementitious material formed of a mixture of substantial proportions of active furnace-slag material giving a considerable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid, and of inert furnace-slag material giving only aninconsiderable rise of temperature when ground, moistened and treated with carbon dioxid.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

I HERMANN PASSOW.

Witnesses:

E. H. L. MUMMENHOFF,

T. CHRIST. HAFERMANN.

VWZIWJ 

